How I read: a meditation on certain passages from Job 38

 “Who makes provision for the raven

when his little ones cry out to God

craning their necks in search of food?”

--Job 38:41

This morning as I read chapter 38 in the book of Job, I was struck by a few things and they made me reflect on how I read and why.  The first thing that I underlined was this passage above.  I found that image of the baby ravens, the “little ones,” crying “out to God” very delightful.  The idea that the birds are calling out to God, singing to God, delights me.  In the context of the book of Job, this is the voice of God calling out to Job from the whirlwind, and challenging him to a kind of duel; or to a reconsideration of his complaint, his position in the grand scheme of things.  God keeps asking Job these wonderful intensely primal questions:

Where were you when I laid the earth’s foundation?

What supports its pillars at their bases?

Who laid its cornerstone?

Who pent up the sea?

Have you ever given orders to the morning?

Which is the way to the home of the light?

Where does darkness live?

Have you visited the place where the snow is stored?

(cf. 38:1-22ff)

Questions that Job clearly cannot answer.  And yet God continues.  And in the midst of all this there is this wonderful question about the ravens and their “little ones [who] cry out to God...”  I don’t have any deep insight into this, only the urge to pause and ponder it.  The little ones of the raven cry out to God.  It reminds me of a line from Wallace Stevens’s wonderful “Sunday Morning.”   

“I am content when wakened birds,

Before they fly, test the reality

Of misty fields, by their sweet questionings...”

I love that idea: the birds testing the reality of the morning or crying out to God for food.  It feels true to me. I believe in the truth of those birds crying out to God and anxiously testing the reality of the dawn... That makes sense to me.  It is how I read not only a book or a poem, but the world.  I don’t know why this is, but I think that all my life I have read with eyes that are constantly looking for God.  And finding Him –everywhere.

Here are two more passages that caught my eye; and not for any spiritual reason, but because they gave me pause.  First was verse 30.  I read:

“when the waters grow hard as stone

and the surface of the deep congeals...”

And I had to stop and wonder: Does Israel ever freeze? What parts of the Middle East experience this kind of cold; where a lake or a body of water would freeze over “hard as stone?”  I checked the Internet and there are occasions when Israel experienced deep cold snaps and had snow storms, but no mention of ponds or lakes freezing over.  So, then I wondered: does this detail give scholars some geographical clue about the author’s homeland? Clearly he or she was aware of such weather phenomenon’s as a hard freeze. Hmmm...  makes me wonder.

Second, I was curious about 38:31-33:

“Can you fasten the harness of the Pleiades,

or untie Orion’s bands?

Can you guide the Crown season by season

and show the Bear and its cubs which way to go?

Have you grasped the celestial laws?”

This little celestial moment gave me a brief thrill.  And it was especially that reference to the bear and her cubs.  According to the footnotes, the bear the author refers to is Ursa Major and her main cub is Ursa Minor.   Reading that got me wondering about ancient peoples and the stars, and my first thought was to wonder if this “bear” was an imposition of the translator. Did the ancient author actually refer to the constellation as a "bear?" (Biblehub.com is a good place to look for answers to questions like that. Find your verse, and click on the interlinear translation link. In this case the word translated as "the bear" is a feminine noun that could mean a female bear, but not necessarily. Much is being derived from the context.) Also, how do we know what ancient people saw in those constellations?   But when I did a little research I learned that several ancient cultures actually did see in this constellation the shape of a bear[1].  Which, of course, gave me to wonder about Orion, the hunter.  Anyway, it was kind of fun to research weather and constellations during my Bible study this morning. To follow the text wherever it leads... And to ponder the cooing of the doves in my backyard, and the cawing of the blue jays and to hear in them not random instinctive sounds, but an early morning office; a call to prayer; a reminder that we are all dependent upon that same beautiful love that laid the foundations for the earth, that fills the storehouse of the snow and knows the home of the light and where the darkness lives.  Those little ones crying out to God remind me that I should get down on my knees this beautiful quiet morning and do the same –even if it is just to say a simple thank you, because I have hot coffee and cold toast and a quiet house.  And a “good book” to read.

And of course, tonight, when I go for a walk and gaze up at the stars I will feel a new kinship with the world, even with a Hebrew poet who lived perhaps 3000 years ago.  Anyway, that’s how I read...  How about you?

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[1] Although some also saw in it a crustacean, among other things. For more information click here.

The discipline of reading

“He had a daughter, Sheerah, who built Upper

and Lower Beth-Horon and Uzzen-Sheerah.”

--1 Chronicles 7:24

In chapter 11 of 1 Chronicles there is a list of names; one more list. The story was just getting started when the author gave us another list of names.  So far this book has felt like one long list; name after name. In fact, the first 10 chapters are really just a series of genealogies. Many of the names are utterly meaningless to me, names like Abishua, Gera and Shephuphan… They were sons of someone or fathers of someone and the author of this book felt it important to list them here, but rarely offers supporting evidence or an explanation why.  On the other hand, the genealogy does go back to the very beginning, so I do recognize some of the names: Adam, Cain, Nimrod “the first mighty warrior[1],” Noah, Shem, Abraham, Isaac, Israel [aka. Jacob]…  And I understand all of this is important as a kind of build up to the Kingship of David.  But it really is (for the most part) just a bunch of names, just genealogical lists tracing paternity; for example: “Sons of Reuben, first-born of Israel: Henoch, Pallu, Hezron, Carmi. Sons of Joel: Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son…” etc. etc. (cf. 5:3)  Every once in a while we get clues about where someone lived or what they did; for instance we learn that there was a clan of linen-workers at Beth-Ashbea and there were potters who lived at Netaim (cf. 4:21-23), and temple singers who worked around the clock (cf. 6:16) but almost nothing else in the way of details. And almost totally the list is of sons and fathers… a patriarchal genealogy.

On occasion, and it stands out because it is so rare, we hear of a woman.  Usually only because she is the mother of a son.  But, very strikingly, in chapter 7 we hear of Sheerah, daughter of Ephraim. And about her we are told not that she was someone’s mother, but that she “built upper and lower Beth-Horon and Uzzen-Sheerah.” (cf. 7:24). Coming so abruptly amidst this flood of male names with little or no details, this odd –and seemingly important-- detail stands out even more. It makes me wonder about this woman, and it makes me wonder about these long-forgotten towns she built and about the author. Who was she and why was she so important to the author that he/she would include such details? And then I wondered about her name, and whether the creator of He-Man and She-ra was inspired by this powerful builder of towns.

And then I wondered why nothing was made of her in the footnotes in my Study Bible?  Surely one of the editors must have realized that readers who get this far will be curious about her. Why does this woman stand out in this way? But there is nothing in my study Bible. I would have appreciated even a note that acknowledged my curiosity by noting that the towns are unknown and their builder is mentioned nowhere else in scripture (which is basically what I found on Wickipedia).   

But as I continued reading Sheerah fades into the endless flood of more and more names. Many readers might choose to skip over these first 10 (or 11) chapters because of the lack of narrative.  They seem like an extended (almost endless) footnote to the story of David & his kingdom. But not me. I have made a commitment to read every word of the Bible, and so I trudge on. I intend to read every the and and and thus and such—and even every name of every begotter who ever begotted or was begotten by such or thus or…well, you get my drift.  My approach is this:  If this is the Word of God, then every single word of it must be worth reading; not a comma or a consonant to be skipped.  And yes, before you say anything, I understand that this is not necessarily the correct or scholarly or even most efficient way to read the Bible; but it is part of my spiritual exercise (or discipline) to read it and to read it all. I also know that this doesn’t make me special; I am informed that there are many people who have read every word of it multiple times and to them I say wow[2]!  My approach is to surrender to the text; whatever God gives me to read each day, I read it.  If it is beautiful and inspiring, I read it.  If it is a simple (and tedious) list, I read it.  My plan is to just follow Him, page by page, chapter by chapter.  At my reading rate, it will certainly take a while (years and years), and I know it will take patience and will-power (which I sometimes lack) and humility; I had to humble myself and read all those laws in Deuteronomy, and all those census tallies in Numbers, and all those details about the ark and the tent and the altar and the bowls and lampstands and ephods in Exodus… Or was that Leviticus?

Barely a ¼ finished, already I am looking toward reading it all again and hoping more sticks the second time around.  But for now, I am just submitting; I am just opening the book each day and reading the next verse, the next chapter, the next page.  Meeting whatever or whoever the Lord puts before me… And learning what I can from it.  My plan is to simply follow the Lord wherever He leads.  And isn’t that a good lesson in itself? 

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[1] At least Nimrod gets a kind of epithet.

[2] I’m impressed.  For me, this effort/exercise is taking a lot more time.  After about 2 ½  years I just arrived at 1 Chronicles (about ¼ of the way through).

The lie unpunished --a meditation

“…the word of the Lord came to the prophet

who had brought him back…”

--1 Kings 13:20

 I’m still thinking about this story. It won’t let me alone, though I may be alone in this.  For me, the real question is why did the story teller tell this story?  If we assume that the story teller behind the stories in the Bible is God, that it is actually His word, then my question is: why is God telling us a story about a prophet who lies to a “man of God,” and tricks him into not fulfilling God’s call, and yet the liar goes unpunished, while the man who was tricked is killed by a lion for not doing exactly what God told him to do… and—another thing: Why put the prophecy of this doom into the mouth of the prophet who lied?  Why would the writer/creator of this tale, whether it is God or just a regular old story teller, create such a troubling story? Why not make it neater, with an obvious moral for the edification of the audience?

And, for me, well… I’ve ben struggling with what the actual lesson of this story is.  And now I am beginning to wonder if that struggle, my struggle, isn’t the point –or at least part of God’s lesson.

I keep getting hung up on the unpunished lie, but this story is no more a story about an unpunished lie (and a king’s withered hand [cf. 13:4]) than Hamlet is a play about ghosts and sword fighting! Which is what I thought Hamlet was about when I first bought myself a copy at the used bookstore on Long Point (near the old Kmart). It was 1973 and the copy I bought (for .65 cents) had a drawing of a dead body, a ghost and a man with a sword on the cover –and since I had just finished reading Frankenstein and Dracula and (I think) had just seen Captain Blood for the first time, it looked like the perfect cover to the perfect book for me!  And heck, I already had part of it memorized: “To be or not to be, …”

Yet, –much to my 13-year-old self’s consternation— Hamlet is not really a play about ghosts and swordplay; as I have learned with time and reading and rereading, it is so very much more. It is a work that –in fact—reveals itself again and again to be so much more with each rereading.

There is a complexity to it, and a multiplicity of meanings that arise from its multi-faceted characters and plot and the boldness and largeness of its language.  Some readers will focus on the patriarchal elements and derive lessons about male dominance and female subservience, others will see themes of Oedipal conflict in the struggles between Hamlet and his step father (and his beloved mother), and still others will find Hamlet’s psychological turmoil over the idea of revenge to be the most compelling elements of the play… but, for me –when I taught the play to high school seniors—I began to hear in it man’s struggle to define himself and his place in a universe where he feels alone and compelled to make his own decisions about what is right and wrong; I heard in it a drama of life in a post-Catholic world.  At the beginning of the play, Hamlet returns from Wittenberg (i.e. Luther’s 95 Theses), and Laertes comes home from the University of Paris (i.e. scholasticism, tradition & Thomas Aquinas).   And throughout the play Hamlet questions whether he has the right to decide things on his own (i.e. interpret the world for himself), while Laertes does what he is told –i.e. obeys the magisterium of king, culture and family… Yes, I know there is more to it than that.  Seemingly nothing about the play is as simple as one might imagine upon first, second, third, fourth, eight, twelfth reading. The writing is so imaginative, alive and unsettling that each time I read it, I hear or learn something new; with each new gaze, the depths of works like Hamlet and The Divine Comedy, Homer’s epics, The Bible, seem only to grow deeper and the truths ever more profound.  One is left to wonder who wrote such things (and how). 

Which brings me back to the enigmatic story at hand. In my reading, the complexity in this story derives more from what has been left out than what has been included.  The fact that no judgment is offered about the prophet who lies, leaves us to ponder his actions, and his role in the story?  To contemplate the meaning of his role.  And why God would continue to use him to voice his message.  What could that mean? According to my Jerome Biblical Commentary some scholars have argued that this is a midrash story redacted into a historical document, and their focus is on the “man of God” punished for being disobedient, but my focus is on the source of his disobedience: the unpunished lie. The more I meditate on this element of the story, the stranger it seems to me.  Of course, one might dismiss this enigmatic element by saying: clearly it wasn’t important to the author; so let it go and move on.  Don’t waste your time.

But when I was learning to pray Lectio Divina we were taught to hang onto that little piece, that word or phrase or element that caught our attention –hold onto it, because that was what we were being given to ponder.  

And so, there are two things I am still turning over in my head about this apparently unpunished lie.  First: was it actually unpunished?  Is the punishment of the lie found in the message the lying prophet is called to deliver?  When he turns to his dinner guest and says:

“This is what the Lord says: ‘You have defied the word
of the Lord and have not kept the command the Lord your
God gave you. You came back and ate bread and drank
water in the place where he told you not to eat or drink.
Therefore your body will not be buried in the tomb
of your ancestors.’”—1 Kings 13: 21-22

What horror must have run through his own mind –being the one who lied to the “man of God,” knowing that it was through him and his lie that God’s word had been defiled; is that not (perhaps) his punishment: to live with the knowledge of the dishonor and doom that he helped bring to a fellow prophet?  Certainly some of my own worst memories are of the evil I have brought to others, even more than the evil I have committed on my own.

And second: perhaps one thing God is telling me, is this:  it’s not always about the answers; sometimes it is about the questions.  The complexity of this little simple story inspires me to ask and ponder –and maybe what God is teaching me through it is this: nothing is ever as simple as it looks.  Open your eyes. Open your heart. Look. Listen. Ponder… Ask questions. Ponder some more. 

How often do we look at someone and think: oh, she’s this or he’s that… she’s a snob, or he’s a bully, or she’s a conservative and he’s a liberal, or she’s a goth and he’s a jock… We dismiss the complexity of their humanity by compressing it into a label.   But, no one is that simple.  Everyone contains a multitude of sorrows and joys and contradictions --unspoken… The truth is, as Bob Dylan once said: "...even the president of the United States must sometimes have to stand naked..." There is always something more to be revealed.  And (of course) some things that need to stay between you and your bathroom mirror....  Anyway, as Hemingway so famously claimed, sometimes the most important part of a story –is what was left out.  Think about that for a while... and when you're done, ponder it some more.